Aztec Informatica

The PAC 3D (3D Bulkheads) programme enables the analysis and calculation of bulkheads with a generic shape: - C-shaped bulkhead - L-shaped bulkhead - Curved bulkhead - Open bulkheads - Closed bulkheads - Pile and micropile bulkheads (with vertical piles and inclined trestle piles) - Bulkheads with tie-rods (active and passive tie-rods) and struts CALCULATION METHODS USEDThe calculation methods implemented in PAC 3D (3D bulkheads) are as follows : - Non-linear stepwise analysis (Newton-Raphson, modified Newton-Raphson, Arc-Length Method - Concentrated plasticity method: for the non-linear analysis of elements in c.‎a.‎ There are two methods of analysis: - Traditional Method - K0 Method Two methods can be used for the global stability verification: - Fellenius - Bishop THE MODELIn the model implemented in PAC 3D, the ground is modelled Winkler-style as a series of non-linear springs of known characteristics, while the supporting structure consists of beam elements.‎ The bulkhead is seen as a three-dimensional frame, partially immersed in the ground.‎ Tie rods and struts are modelled using rod elements.‎ Thrusts and resistances are calculated on each individual post using the Coulomb method.‎ The effect of any overloads placed upstream of the bulkhead is taken into account by means of the Boussinesq Formula.‎ REINFORCEMENT MANAGEMENTParticularly flexible is the management of the reinforcement, which includes a pre-analysis editor with the possibility of modelling the reinforcement in 3D.‎ The reinforcement inserted before the analysis allows the implementation of non-linear models for reinforced concrete in all sections.‎ After the analysis, the verifications and lists of reinforcement on the elements are then returned.‎ INPUT DATA- Bulkhead definition for linear sections - Definition of the stratigraphy - Definition of the stratigraphy - Definition of the kerb dimensions - Definition of the material characteristics - Definition of the sections that can be customised - Input of loads (concentrated or distributed) The input data can be set in stages, verifying the work in all construction steps .‎ OUTPUTAd analysis concluded PAC 3D (3D Bulkheads) allows the display of all results: - Displacement diagrams - Ground pressure diagrams - Stress diagrams on all structural elements - For each section of the bulkhead, the following are defined: maximum displacement, maximum stresses, hydraulic verification, global stability verification - Distinta delle armature - Per tiranti e struts valutazione dello sforzo su ogni singolo elemento NORMATIVE- NTC 2008 (Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni) e sue integrazioni - D.‎M.‎ 88 + D.‎M.‎ 96 - NTC2018 - Circular 21 January 2019 no.‎7 C.‎S.‎LL.‎PP